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Path Traversal occurrences in Magento
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.3-p2 (and earlier), 2.3.7-p3 (and earlier) and 2.4.4 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability that could be abused by an attacker to inject malicious scripts into the vulnerable endpoint. A low privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to read local files and to perform Stored XSS. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction. (2022-08-16, CVE-2022-34254)
Magento versions 2.4.2 (and earlier), 2.4.1-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.6-p1 (and earlier) are affected by a Path Traversal vulnerability when creating a store with child theme.Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary file system write by an authenticated attacker. Access to the admin console is required for successful exploitation. (2021-06-28, CVE-2021-28584)
When in maintenance mode, Magento version 2.4.0 and 2.3.4 (and earlier) are affected by an information disclosure vulnerability that could expose the installation path during build deployments. This information could be helpful to attackers if they are able to identify other exploitable vulnerabilities in the environment. (2020-11-09, CVE-2020-24406)
Magento versions 2.3.5-p1 and earlier, and 2.3.5-p1 and earlier have a path traversal vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution. (2020-07-29, CVE-2020-9689)
Magento versions 2.3.3 and earlier, 2.2.10 and earlier, 1.14.4.3 and earlier, and 1.9.4.3 and earlier have a path traversal vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to sensitive information disclosure. (2020-01-29, CVE-2020-3717)
A path traversal vulnerability in the WYSIWYG editor for Magento 2.1 prior to 2.1.18, Magento 2.2 prior to 2.2.9, Magento 2.3 prior to 2.3.2 could result in unauthorized access to uploaded images due to insufficient access control. (2019-08-02, CVE-2019-7859)
Why Path Traversal can be dangerous
Relative Path Confusion means that your web server is configured to serve responses to ambiguous URLs. This configuration can possibly cause confusion about the correct relative path for the URL. It is also an issue of resources, such as images, styles etc., which are specified in the response using relative path, not the absolute URL.
If the web browser permits to parse "cross-content" response, the attacker may be able to fool the web browser into interpreting HTML into other content types, which can then lead to a cross site scripting attack (link do XSS).