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Path Traversal occurrences in Vanilla
In Vanilla before 2.6.4, a flaw exists within the getSingleIndex function of the AddonManager class. The issue results in a require call using a crafted type value, leading to Directory Traversal with File Inclusion. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the web server. (2019-03-21, CVE-2019-9889)
Why Path Traversal can be dangerous
Relative Path Confusion means that your web server is configured to serve responses to ambiguous URLs. This configuration can possibly cause confusion about the correct relative path for the URL. It is also an issue of resources, such as images, styles etc., which are specified in the response using relative path, not the absolute URL.
If the web browser permits to parse "cross-content" response, the attacker may be able to fool the web browser into interpreting HTML into other content types, which can then lead to a cross site scripting attack (link do XSS).